Matrix (ejercicios de análisis de la película).

Hoy vais a dedicar la clase a reflexionar sobre la película que acabáis de ver. En ella, aparecen temas muy filosóficos, como el mito de la caverna de Platón, que ya hemos tratado en clase. Pero también están presentes filósofos como Jean Baudrillard (1929-2007), cuya obra “Simulacra and Simulation” analiza cómo las nuevas sociedades de consumo imitan lo real, pero a su vez se convierten en “reales”. El pensamiento de Descartes (1596- 1650) aparece relacionado con la imposibilidad de determinar si vivimos en un sueño eterno o si estamos despiertos. ¿Nunca habéis tenido un sueño tan intenso que os ha hecho dudar sobre si estabais o no dormidos? ¿Y si existiese, como afirmaba Descartes, un genio maligno que me engañara acerca de lo que veo? Pero quizás, donde más claro se ve este argumento es en el ejemplo propuesto por Hillary Putnam (1926- 2016) que tenéis a continuación:  

imagine that a human being...has been subjected to an operation by an evil scientist. The person's brain...has been removed from the body and placed in a vat of nutrients which keeps the brain alive. The nerve endings have been connected to a...computer which causes the person...to have the illusion that everything is perfectly normal. There seem to be people, objects, the sky, etc.; but really, all the person...is experiencing is the result of electronic impulses travelling from the computer to the nerve endings. The computer is so clever that if the person tries to raise his hand, the feedback from the computer will cause him to 'see' and 'feel' the hand being raised. Moreover, by varying the program, the evil scientist can cause the victim to 'experience' (or hallucinate) any situation or environment the evil scientist wishes. He can also obliterate the memory of the brain operation, so that the victim will seem to himself to have always been in this environment. It can even seem to the victim that he is sitting and reading these very words about the amusing but quite absurd supposition that there is an evil scientist who removes peoples' brains from their bodies and places them in a vat of nutrients which keep the brains alive.

Y el texto de Descartes: 

...firmly implanted in my mind is the long-standing opinion that there is an omnipotent God who made me the kind of creature that I am. How do I know that he has not brought it about that there is no earth, no sky, no extended thing, no shape, no size, no place, while at the same time ensuring that all these things appear to me to exist just as they do now? What is more, just as I consider that others sometimes go astray in cases where they think they have the most perfect knowledge, how do I know that God has not brought it about that I too go wrong every time I add two and three or count the sides of a square, or in some even simpler matter, if that is imaginable? [but] since he is said to be supremely good...I will suppose...[that] some malicious demon of the utmost power and cunning has employed all his energies in order to deceive me. I shall think that the sky, the air, the earth, colours, shapes, sounds and all external things are merely the delusions of dreams which he has devised to ensnare my judgment.

Teniendo en cuenta esto como punto de partida, contesta a las preguntas o comenta las escenas que te propongo que el siguiente ejercicio: pincha el enclace MATRIX para descargaros el archivo.